![]() ![]() The Artisan temperament is one of four temperaments defined by Keirsey. ![]() The resulting 16 types correlate with the 16 personality types described by Briggs and Myers. Keirsey divided each of the four temperaments into two categories (roles), each with two types (role variants). In his works, Keirsey used the names suggested by Plato: Artisan (iconic), Guardian (pistic), Idealist (noetic), and Rational (dianoetic). Keirsey expanded on the ancient study of temperament by Hippocrates and Plato. The table below shows how Myers' and Keirsey's types correspond to other temperament theories or constructs, dating from ancient times to the present day. Tracing the idea of temperament back to the ancient Greeks, Keirsey developed a modern temperament theory in his books Please Understand Me (1978), Portraits of Temperament (1988), Presidential Temperament (1992), Please Understand Me II (1998), Brains and Careers (2008), and Personology (2010). Keirsey developed the Temperament Sorter after being introduced to the MBTI in 1956. Historical development See also Historical Development of Theories of the Four TemperamentsÄavid Keirsey became familiar with the work of Ernst Kretschmer and William Sheldon after WWII in the late 1940s. 5 Myers–Briggs types versus Keirsey's temperaments. ![]()
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